define:
mobilization
militarism
conscription
propaganda
trench warfare
zepplin
war of attrition
armistice
reparations
Duma
soviets
war communism
Bolsheviks
mandate system
LLoyd George
Georges Clemenceau
the Black Hand
*what was considered an act of war?
*why did the Allies join WWI?
*WHo wanted democracy and peace?
How did Russia get of WWI?
Who led the Bolsheviks?
Why didn't Germany like the treaty of Versailles?
WHat was the Schlieffen Plan?
WHere was the Battle of Marne?
What was the Cheka supposed to do?
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
Essays: trench warfare
Schlieffen Plan
Saturday, January 17, 2015
Wednesday, January 14, 2015
8-3 The Russian Revolution
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
PROBLEMS:
• After the 1905 Revolution (after Bloody Sunday), no real changes were made.
• The government was corrupt, and Nicholas II wasn’t a great ruler
• Revolutionaries were waiting till the time was right to put Marx’s ideas into action and lead a working class revolution
IMPACT OF WWI
• Russia didn’t have enough supplies to support a full-scale war
– By 1915, many soldiers lacked guns, ammunition, clothes, and supplies
• The transportation system wasn’t as modern as that of other countries, so the movement of supplies was slow
• Many soldiers died because they were poorly equipped.
• Nicholas makes things worse by going to join the battle and leaving his wife Alexandria in charge
GREGORY RASPUTIN
• Rasputin was a self-proclaimed “holy man” who gained the trust of the tsarina after he ‘cured’ her son of his bleeding disease
• Alexandria turned to Rasputin for advice in running the country
• The leaders of Russia didn’t like the power that Raspitin was getting, so they decided to assassinate him
• He died on December 29, 1916 after being poisoned, shot, beaten, and finally drowned.
LENIN AND THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION
VLADIMIR LENIN
• Didn’t like the Tsarist government because his older brother was executed for plotting to kill the tsar
• Inspired by the writings of Karl Marx, and spread socialist ideas among the factory workers
– Spent time in a Siberian prison, then went into exile in Switzerland, where he kept in contact with Russian socialists
• Lenin adapted Marxism to fit the needs of Russia:
– A “dictatorship of the proletariat” – an elite group would lead for the good of the people
– He called them “Bolsheviks” (majority)
– After the February Revolution, Lenin sees his chance and returns to Russia
FEBRUARY REVOLUTION
• By 1917, sever food shortages left the people in anger, and the women of St. Petersburg went on strike, and the army refused to stop them
• The tsar finally realized that he’d lost control of his country and stepped down (March)
– The tsar and his family are put under house arrest
• A provisional government was put in place, and they continued the war
OCTOBER REVOLUTION
• The war continued to cause problems, and the people were anxious to stop the fighting and food shortages
• Peasants also wanted land, and mutinied, taking land from the rich landlords
• In November 1917, the Red Guard (armed factory workers) joined with angry soldiers and took over the government
• All of these revolutionaries were members of the Bolshevik party, and they were lead by Lenin
• Lenin’s motto: “Peace, Land, and Bread”
COMMUNIST REVOLUTION
• Lenin sets up the capital in Moscow
• Changes the name from Bolshevik to Communist
• March 1918: Russia signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany
– Russia gives up the Baltic States, Finland, and Poland
• June: Civil War starts: Reds vs. Whites
1918-1920 CIVIL WAR
• “Reds” are the communists
• “Whites” are the supporters of the tsar, democrats, and anyone else that didn’t like the communists
• Other groups joined in to fight the communists as well, like the Allies
• The communists assassinated the Tsar and his family so they wouldn’t pose a threat
• Finally, the communists win
LIFE UNDER COMMUNISM
• Communists use terror to fight the Whites and control the people
• Gulag – forced labor camps (concentration camps)
• Cheka – the secret police
– Executed anyone suspected of revolutionary actions
• “War Communism” – gov’t took over banks, mines, factories, and railroads
– Peasants had to give most of their crops to feed the army
• Leon Trotsky controlled the Red Army, and taught them communist party principles
U.S.S.R
• Lenin and the communists combine a number of smaller states with Russia to Form the United Soviet Socialist Republic, otherwise known as the Soviet Union or the USSR
• A government body, the Supreme Soviet, controlled the government
– In theory, all people could vote, and all political power, resources, and means of production would belong to the people, and all republics would be equal
– In reality, the Communist party controlled everything, and only Russia had real power
IN SUMMARY
• As Russian front falls apart, the war in Russia becomes unpopular.
• Food and fuel shortages lead to Riots.
• Czar Nicholas II is forced to abdicate on March 15, 1917
• The Communists, led by Lenin, take over Russia
• Communist led Russia becomes the Soviet Union
• The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk is signed March 3, 1918. Russia surrenders.
PROBLEMS:
• After the 1905 Revolution (after Bloody Sunday), no real changes were made.
• The government was corrupt, and Nicholas II wasn’t a great ruler
• Revolutionaries were waiting till the time was right to put Marx’s ideas into action and lead a working class revolution
IMPACT OF WWI
• Russia didn’t have enough supplies to support a full-scale war
– By 1915, many soldiers lacked guns, ammunition, clothes, and supplies
• The transportation system wasn’t as modern as that of other countries, so the movement of supplies was slow
• Many soldiers died because they were poorly equipped.
• Nicholas makes things worse by going to join the battle and leaving his wife Alexandria in charge
GREGORY RASPUTIN
• Rasputin was a self-proclaimed “holy man” who gained the trust of the tsarina after he ‘cured’ her son of his bleeding disease
• Alexandria turned to Rasputin for advice in running the country
• The leaders of Russia didn’t like the power that Raspitin was getting, so they decided to assassinate him
• He died on December 29, 1916 after being poisoned, shot, beaten, and finally drowned.
LENIN AND THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION
VLADIMIR LENIN
• Didn’t like the Tsarist government because his older brother was executed for plotting to kill the tsar
• Inspired by the writings of Karl Marx, and spread socialist ideas among the factory workers
– Spent time in a Siberian prison, then went into exile in Switzerland, where he kept in contact with Russian socialists
• Lenin adapted Marxism to fit the needs of Russia:
– A “dictatorship of the proletariat” – an elite group would lead for the good of the people
– He called them “Bolsheviks” (majority)
– After the February Revolution, Lenin sees his chance and returns to Russia
FEBRUARY REVOLUTION
• By 1917, sever food shortages left the people in anger, and the women of St. Petersburg went on strike, and the army refused to stop them
• The tsar finally realized that he’d lost control of his country and stepped down (March)
– The tsar and his family are put under house arrest
• A provisional government was put in place, and they continued the war
OCTOBER REVOLUTION
• The war continued to cause problems, and the people were anxious to stop the fighting and food shortages
• Peasants also wanted land, and mutinied, taking land from the rich landlords
• In November 1917, the Red Guard (armed factory workers) joined with angry soldiers and took over the government
• All of these revolutionaries were members of the Bolshevik party, and they were lead by Lenin
• Lenin’s motto: “Peace, Land, and Bread”
COMMUNIST REVOLUTION
• Lenin sets up the capital in Moscow
• Changes the name from Bolshevik to Communist
• March 1918: Russia signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany
– Russia gives up the Baltic States, Finland, and Poland
• June: Civil War starts: Reds vs. Whites
1918-1920 CIVIL WAR
• “Reds” are the communists
• “Whites” are the supporters of the tsar, democrats, and anyone else that didn’t like the communists
• Other groups joined in to fight the communists as well, like the Allies
• The communists assassinated the Tsar and his family so they wouldn’t pose a threat
• Finally, the communists win
LIFE UNDER COMMUNISM
• Communists use terror to fight the Whites and control the people
• Gulag – forced labor camps (concentration camps)
• Cheka – the secret police
– Executed anyone suspected of revolutionary actions
• “War Communism” – gov’t took over banks, mines, factories, and railroads
– Peasants had to give most of their crops to feed the army
• Leon Trotsky controlled the Red Army, and taught them communist party principles
U.S.S.R
• Lenin and the communists combine a number of smaller states with Russia to Form the United Soviet Socialist Republic, otherwise known as the Soviet Union or the USSR
• A government body, the Supreme Soviet, controlled the government
– In theory, all people could vote, and all political power, resources, and means of production would belong to the people, and all republics would be equal
– In reality, the Communist party controlled everything, and only Russia had real power
IN SUMMARY
• As Russian front falls apart, the war in Russia becomes unpopular.
• Food and fuel shortages lead to Riots.
• Czar Nicholas II is forced to abdicate on March 15, 1917
• The Communists, led by Lenin, take over Russia
• Communist led Russia becomes the Soviet Union
• The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk is signed March 3, 1918. Russia surrenders.
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