Know these people:
Isaac Newton
Voltaire
John Locke
Montesquieu
Rousseau
Charles I
James I
George III
Thomas Jefferson
Oliver Cromwell
Rump Parliament
Framers
Know these documents:
Declaration of Grievances
Declaration of Independence
Bill of Rights (English)
Articles of Confideracy
Act of Supremacy
Social Contract
Know these events:
Why did William and Mary take over England?
Why did the Framers not want a strong central government?
Where did the Enlightenment start?
Whose ideas are in the Declaration of Independence?
Whose ideas are in the Constitution?
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
Friday, September 18, 2015
2-3: The American Revolution
The American Revolution
Step 1:
• England sends people (COLONISTS) to the colonies to get raw materials (goods, supplies)
Step 2:
• The French and English fight over the colonies. This is the French & Indian War,
• The English win and get Florida and Canada
Step 3: The Stamp Act
• The French and English fight over the colonies. This is the French & Indian War,
• The English win and get Florida and Canada
Step 4:
• – After the people in the colonies got mad, Parliament took the Stamp Act away (repealed).
Step 5: Tariffs
to make money and make sure that the colonists were buying British goods, heavy taxes were put on all goods.
Step 6:
• – To make colonists happy, the king agrees to take away all taxed accept the Tea Tax
• The tea tax made it so that English tea was cheaper than American tea
Step 7: Boston Tea Party
• Mad because they were not being treated fairly, some colonists dressed up as Indians and threw tea in the harbor.
Step 8: Intolerable Acts
• King George is angry. He took away all of the rights of the people.
Step 9:
• 1st Continental Congress
• The colonists meet and write a letter to the King. They also form small local armies (militias)
Step 10:
• – King George sends troops to make sure that the people don’t fight back. This leads to…
Step 11: Battle at Lexington
• British troops are sent to take away all of the militia’s guns. They fight the colonists, and by the time they got to where the weapons are stored, the colonists have moved them.
Patriots: wanted independence\
• Thomas Paine: “Common sense” compared England to tyrants
Loyalists: wanted to remain loyal British citizens
•
Step 12: 2nd Continental Congress
• People from each colony meet, construct plans for their next move, and create the Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence
• Written by Jefferson
• Said that the colonies were independent
• Restated natural rights
• Also a declaration of war
A mismatched War
• British army: fit, well trained, lots of supplies
• Continental army: no real military training, small, brand new army
• Why did We win?
– Home team advantage
– Support from other countries
After the War
• A new gov’t was needed.
• Articles of confederation: 1st constitution (1781)
– Didn’t meet the needs of the country
– No strong central gov’t
The Constitution
• Federal system: shared power between national & state gov’t
• 3 branches of gov’t
• Outlined the powers of the federal & state
Bill of Rights
• 1st ten amendments
• Gave freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly, among other things
• Embodied the ideals of the enlightenment
Long Term Effects
• Served as the inspiration for later revolutions in Latin America, the French revolution, and as a model for governments in Asia and Africa
Step 1:
• England sends people (COLONISTS) to the colonies to get raw materials (goods, supplies)
Step 2:
• The French and English fight over the colonies. This is the French & Indian War,
• The English win and get Florida and Canada
Step 3: The Stamp Act
• The French and English fight over the colonies. This is the French & Indian War,
• The English win and get Florida and Canada
Step 4:
• – After the people in the colonies got mad, Parliament took the Stamp Act away (repealed).
Step 5: Tariffs
to make money and make sure that the colonists were buying British goods, heavy taxes were put on all goods.
Step 6:
• – To make colonists happy, the king agrees to take away all taxed accept the Tea Tax
• The tea tax made it so that English tea was cheaper than American tea
Step 7: Boston Tea Party
• Mad because they were not being treated fairly, some colonists dressed up as Indians and threw tea in the harbor.
Step 8: Intolerable Acts
• King George is angry. He took away all of the rights of the people.
Step 9:
• 1st Continental Congress
• The colonists meet and write a letter to the King. They also form small local armies (militias)
Step 10:
• – King George sends troops to make sure that the people don’t fight back. This leads to…
Step 11: Battle at Lexington
• British troops are sent to take away all of the militia’s guns. They fight the colonists, and by the time they got to where the weapons are stored, the colonists have moved them.
Patriots: wanted independence\
• Thomas Paine: “Common sense” compared England to tyrants
Loyalists: wanted to remain loyal British citizens
•
Step 12: 2nd Continental Congress
• People from each colony meet, construct plans for their next move, and create the Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence
• Written by Jefferson
• Said that the colonies were independent
• Restated natural rights
• Also a declaration of war
A mismatched War
• British army: fit, well trained, lots of supplies
• Continental army: no real military training, small, brand new army
• Why did We win?
– Home team advantage
– Support from other countries
After the War
• A new gov’t was needed.
• Articles of confederation: 1st constitution (1781)
– Didn’t meet the needs of the country
– No strong central gov’t
The Constitution
• Federal system: shared power between national & state gov’t
• 3 branches of gov’t
• Outlined the powers of the federal & state
Bill of Rights
• 1st ten amendments
• Gave freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly, among other things
• Embodied the ideals of the enlightenment
Long Term Effects
• Served as the inspiration for later revolutions in Latin America, the French revolution, and as a model for governments in Asia and Africa
Tuesday, September 15, 2015
Foldable: Revolutions
Step 1: Fold the paper in half hot dog (lengthwise)
Step 2: still folded in half, fold it in 3
Step 3: Unfold in each space, fill in one of the following revolutions:
Glorious Revolution
American Revolution
French Revolution
Step 4: Unfold the paper -inside fill in information on the revolution as we talk about it.
Include:
-Dates
-Who was involved
-Major Documents
-What happened
Step 2: still folded in half, fold it in 3
Step 3: Unfold in each space, fill in one of the following revolutions:
Glorious Revolution
American Revolution
French Revolution
Step 4: Unfold the paper -inside fill in information on the revolution as we talk about it.
Include:
-Dates
-Who was involved
-Major Documents
-What happened
Wednesday, September 9, 2015
2-2: The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment
What is the Enlightenment?
• A philosophical movement
• Started in France
• Leaders = philosophes
– Writers, professors, journalists reformers
• Inspired by the scientific revolution
• Heroes: Isaac Newton; John Locke
Rationalism, based on the teachings of the ancient Greeks, became the main philosophical method of the Enlightenment.
The Scientific Revolution
The scientific method is a systematic way to carry out research.
Use of the scientific method led to many great discoveries.
Nicolaus Copernicus discovered that the Earth moves around the Sun.
The physician Vesalius dissected corpses to study basic human anatomy. He is now known as the "Father of Modern Anatomy."
The astronomer Galileo Galilei improved the telescope and supported the findings of Copernicus.
Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton was a physicist, mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, and philosopher.
Using intensive experimental methods, Newton discovered the three laws of motion and the universal law of gravitation.
Newton’s work is considered the backbone of modern mechanics.
The Enlightenment
Salons
In 18th-century France, salons were places for Enlightenment thinkers to come together and discuss new ideas. They were hosted by women known as salonnières.
Salon is the French word for drawing room.
The Philosophes
The philosophes were a group of 18th-century intellectuals.
They promoted reason, knowledge and education as the way to overcome superstition and ignorance.
Many of the philosophes wrote plays, novels, and reference books to avoid open confrontation with the church.
Natural Rights
Thomas Paine believed that governments do not give people rights, but that people are born with natural rights, some of which they voluntarily give up to governments.
Thomas Jefferson included the natural rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in the Declaration of Independence.
Thomas Hobbes also believed that if people want to live peacefully they have to give up some natural rights.
John Locke thought that the three most important natural rights are life, liberty, and property.
Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes published Leviathan in 1651.
Hobbes wrote that without government, human life would be "nasty, brutish, and short."
To escape this, humanity accepts a social contract with an authority to ensure peace and protection.
John Locke
Theory of the social contract
Theory of toleration
Belief that all men are created free and equal
Belief in the separation of church and state
Empiricism: using experience to find truth
John Locke’s ideas directly influenced the French, American, and Latin American revolutions.
His ideas can be found in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States.
Voltaire
• Middle class Frenchman
• Wrote all kinds of documents
• Thrown in prison & exiled
• Inspired by the English freedoms
• He opposed the Catholic Church because they supported absolutism
• Wrote Treatise on Toleration
• Was a deist – god make the world & left it alone to run, like a clock
Montesquieu
• A French noble
• Wrote Spirit of the Laws about government
• 3 basic governments:
– Republics for small states
– Monarchies for med states
– Despotism for large states
• England was an ideal monarchy
• Believed in separation of powers – dividing up government between branches so 1 group/person can’t take control
• This created a system of checks & balances
• Used in the development of the American government
Rousseau
• Poor Frenchman
• Wrote Discourse on the Origins of the Inequality of Mankind – people made laws to protect their stuff
• Social Contract – a society makes an agreement to be governed by the general will of the people
• He wrote Emile about education – it should foster kids’ natural instincts
• Looked for a balance between emotion & reason
Adam Smith
• An English economist
• Believed in laissez-faire = letting the people do what they want
– Gov’t shouldn’t interfere in the economy
– It should just control: army, public works, & police
Cesare Becerra
• Wrote On Crimes and Punishments
• thought that harsh punishment didn’t stop crime
• Against capital punishment
Denis Diderot
• Wrote a 28 volume encyclopedia, on everything he could think of
• It took him from 1751 to 1772
Mary Wollstonecraft
• Leader of the movement for women’s rights
• Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women
• thought it was stupid that people thought that the kings shouldn’t have total power over people thought that men should have total power over women
• Believed that the Enlightenment was based on human reason, and since women were human, they should have equal rights
Newspapers & Literacy
• During this period, literacy (the ability to read) goes up
• This is due to the wider availability of reading materials
• The first newspaper was printed in London in 1702
• Magazines were another new product
• Both were cheap, some papers were free
Enlightenment in America
• Colonists were exposed to Enlightenment writings from England
• Thomas Jefferson & James Madison were influenced by Locke’s ideas
• The Declaration of Independence is heavily influenced by Locke
What is the Enlightenment?
• A philosophical movement
• Started in France
• Leaders = philosophes
– Writers, professors, journalists reformers
• Inspired by the scientific revolution
• Heroes: Isaac Newton; John Locke
Rationalism, based on the teachings of the ancient Greeks, became the main philosophical method of the Enlightenment.
The Scientific Revolution
The scientific method is a systematic way to carry out research.
Use of the scientific method led to many great discoveries.
Nicolaus Copernicus discovered that the Earth moves around the Sun.
The physician Vesalius dissected corpses to study basic human anatomy. He is now known as the "Father of Modern Anatomy."
The astronomer Galileo Galilei improved the telescope and supported the findings of Copernicus.
Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton was a physicist, mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, and philosopher.
Using intensive experimental methods, Newton discovered the three laws of motion and the universal law of gravitation.
Newton’s work is considered the backbone of modern mechanics.
The Enlightenment
Salons
In 18th-century France, salons were places for Enlightenment thinkers to come together and discuss new ideas. They were hosted by women known as salonnières.
Salon is the French word for drawing room.
The Philosophes
The philosophes were a group of 18th-century intellectuals.
They promoted reason, knowledge and education as the way to overcome superstition and ignorance.
Many of the philosophes wrote plays, novels, and reference books to avoid open confrontation with the church.
Natural Rights
Thomas Paine believed that governments do not give people rights, but that people are born with natural rights, some of which they voluntarily give up to governments.
Thomas Jefferson included the natural rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in the Declaration of Independence.
Thomas Hobbes also believed that if people want to live peacefully they have to give up some natural rights.
John Locke thought that the three most important natural rights are life, liberty, and property.
Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes published Leviathan in 1651.
Hobbes wrote that without government, human life would be "nasty, brutish, and short."
To escape this, humanity accepts a social contract with an authority to ensure peace and protection.
John Locke
Theory of the social contract
Theory of toleration
Belief that all men are created free and equal
Belief in the separation of church and state
Empiricism: using experience to find truth
John Locke’s ideas directly influenced the French, American, and Latin American revolutions.
His ideas can be found in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States.
Voltaire
• Middle class Frenchman
• Wrote all kinds of documents
• Thrown in prison & exiled
• Inspired by the English freedoms
• He opposed the Catholic Church because they supported absolutism
• Wrote Treatise on Toleration
• Was a deist – god make the world & left it alone to run, like a clock
Montesquieu
• A French noble
• Wrote Spirit of the Laws about government
• 3 basic governments:
– Republics for small states
– Monarchies for med states
– Despotism for large states
• England was an ideal monarchy
• Believed in separation of powers – dividing up government between branches so 1 group/person can’t take control
• This created a system of checks & balances
• Used in the development of the American government
Rousseau
• Poor Frenchman
• Wrote Discourse on the Origins of the Inequality of Mankind – people made laws to protect their stuff
• Social Contract – a society makes an agreement to be governed by the general will of the people
• He wrote Emile about education – it should foster kids’ natural instincts
• Looked for a balance between emotion & reason
Adam Smith
• An English economist
• Believed in laissez-faire = letting the people do what they want
– Gov’t shouldn’t interfere in the economy
– It should just control: army, public works, & police
Cesare Becerra
• Wrote On Crimes and Punishments
• thought that harsh punishment didn’t stop crime
• Against capital punishment
Denis Diderot
• Wrote a 28 volume encyclopedia, on everything he could think of
• It took him from 1751 to 1772
Mary Wollstonecraft
• Leader of the movement for women’s rights
• Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women
• thought it was stupid that people thought that the kings shouldn’t have total power over people thought that men should have total power over women
• Believed that the Enlightenment was based on human reason, and since women were human, they should have equal rights
Newspapers & Literacy
• During this period, literacy (the ability to read) goes up
• This is due to the wider availability of reading materials
• The first newspaper was printed in London in 1702
• Magazines were another new product
• Both were cheap, some papers were free
Enlightenment in America
• Colonists were exposed to Enlightenment writings from England
• Thomas Jefferson & James Madison were influenced by Locke’s ideas
• The Declaration of Independence is heavily influenced by Locke
Thursday, September 3, 2015
Project # 1 - Enlightenment Newspaper
Your assignment is to create a newspaper or magazine article about a person or topic from the Enlightenment, as if you were actually present during that period and could interact with those you will write about.
Types of articles you can choose from:
*interview
*"breaking news" story
*editorial
*political cartoon
*news report
*feature piece
Requirements
*1 paragraph minimum, 2 pages max
*Typed, 12 pt font
*Should include a picture, if possible
*Title and byline (by Your Name) at the top of the article
Outside research is encouraged. Be creative! Your articles will be combined into a class magazine that will reflect the changing ideas made during the Enlightenment.
Types of articles you can choose from:
*interview
*"breaking news" story
*editorial
*political cartoon
*news report
*feature piece
Requirements
*1 paragraph minimum, 2 pages max
*Typed, 12 pt font
*Should include a picture, if possible
*Title and byline (by Your Name) at the top of the article
Outside research is encouraged. Be creative! Your articles will be combined into a class magazine that will reflect the changing ideas made during the Enlightenment.
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