Goal: learn how democracy developed in Athens, how Greek philosophers viewed reason, tyranny, and the rule of law, and how Greek ideas spread.
VOCABULARY:
- city-state - democracy - jury
- monarchy - tyrant - Socrates
- Sparta - legislature - Plato
- Athens - Pericles - Aristotle
The Greeks started the Classical Age.
- Their economy was based on fishing and sea trade.
- As they traded with other countries, they set up colonies in those areas and spread their ideas on literature & government.
- Because most of Greece is made up of small islands or mountainous areas, the people were isolated from one another.
Rise of the City-State
City-state: a political unit made up of a large city and the areas surrounding it.
POLIS: the Greek name for their city-states.
-they had 2 levels: Acropolis – on a hill, the temples to the gods
Main City – on the ground; homes, marketplace, buildings, and theater
Governing the Polis
750 – 500 BC – the government changed
- First: kings ruled (monarchy)
- Nobles were the army because only they could afford bronze weapons
- Then, nobles & landowners took control
- When the middle class developed, they took power
Changes in Warfare
- Iron replaced bronze as the material of choice
- It was cheaper, and regular people could afford weapons and gear – this put the power in the hands of the ordinary people.
- New fighting force: PHALANX
- Trained soldiers
- Fought in groups
Sparta
- In southern Greece
- Became a military state
- Boys were trained for the army from age 7
- Girls had to work out so they would produce healthy sons
Government: 2 kings + council of elders + assembly of the people
- Citizens were male, over 30, born in Sparta
Athens
- North of Sparta
- Birthplace of democracy (government by the people)
- Ruled by the aristocracy (nobles) until the working people wanted more rights
- Farmers were in trouble – many had to sell their families as slaves to pay debts
- One ruler, Solon, started positive changes
-Got rid of debt slavery
-More people could be involved in gov’t
- Rise of tyrants ( rulers who get power by force)
They made more changes to help the people, mostly the farmers and the poor
Council of 500 – new legislature (lawmaking body)
Athens is a limited democracy because not everyone had a say in the gov’t and there were still tyrants
Persian Wars
- The Persians had an empire that stretched from Asia Minor to India
490 – Persians invaded at Marathon and were forced to retreat
480 – 2nd invasion
- Sparta & other city states fought with Athens
- Persian fleet was destroyed and the threat of invasion was ended
Age of Pericles (460-429)
After the Persian Wars, Athens was the most powerful city-state
It started to take over other city-states and created an empire
New ruler: Pericles
-he changed gov’t to a direct democracy
-people represented themselves
-you got $ to hold office, so the poor could
get involved
- juries were created
Economic and Cultural life
- Polytheistic (many gods)
- Temples built to honor gods
- Rebuilding projects helped the economy
- Free thinking was encouraged
- Philosophy was born
Peloponnesian War
- War between Athens and Sparta
- Covered all of Greece
- Sparta won, Athens fell
Greek Philosophers
Philosopher: one who uses observation and reason to figure out why things happen
Looked at morality and ethics
3 main philosophers:
- Socrates
- Plato
- Aristotle
SOCRATES
“Socratic Method” – questioning to get deeper answers
Arrested for corrupting the city’s youth
Had to drink poison as punishment
PLATO
student of Socrates
Started a school
The Republic: described his ideal state
3 classes: workers, soldiers, and philosophers
ARISTOTLE
student of Plato
Studied government
Thought middle class should rule
His works were the basis of study at the first universities
Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
Alexander – Prince of Macedonia (North of Greece)
Tutored by Aristotle
His dad, Phillip, took over all of Greece and wanted to take Persia, but was killed first
Alex becomes king, builds an army, and starts his campaign in 334 B.C.
Conquered Persia, Asia Minor, Egypt, and Babylon
Alexander the Great”
In 7 years his empire stretched from Greece to India (2000 miles)
After his death:
-Greek ideas and culture spread
-locals took Greek culture and added it to their own
This was the Hellenistic Age
During this period, Rome became a new powerful state and replaced Greece as the dominant power
Tuesday, August 22, 2017
Monday, May 1, 2017
FINAL Extra Credit
Option 1:
Watch one of the following movies and write a complete summary of it, and how realistic you think it is.
Romero
Salvador
Che
The Revolution will Not Be Televised
Invictus
District 9
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
Option 2:
Create a timeline (poster size) that shows the growing conflict between Israel and Palestine since the 1900's
Should include events, dates, pictures (if possible) and descriptions
Watch one of the following movies and write a complete summary of it, and how realistic you think it is.
Romero
Salvador
Che
The Revolution will Not Be Televised
Invictus
District 9
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
Option 2:
Create a timeline (poster size) that shows the growing conflict between Israel and Palestine since the 1900's
Should include events, dates, pictures (if possible) and descriptions
Tuesday, January 17, 2017
8-1 World War One
WORLD WAR ONE
MAJOR BATTLES
MARNE – September 1914
• Located in France (Western Front)
• Germans expected to win quickly, so they took troops and moved them to the Eastern Front
• Britain and France pushed Germany back
• Ended Germany’s hopes for a quick victory
• Germans built the 1st trenches to avoid being pushed out of France
VERDUN – February-December 1916
• Germany’s attempt to break the stalemate on the Western Front
• 11 month battle
• 500,000 French casualties (wounded, killed, or missing)
• 400,000 German casualties
• No long term results
• No advantage was gained on either side
SOMME - July-November 1916
• 5 month battle
• Allied attempt to break the stalemate on the Western Front
• 60,000 British soldiers killed or wounded in ONE day
• One million killed in total
• This battle had one of the highest casualty totals
• Snowfall ended the battle –only a few miles of ground were gained
TANNENBURG – August 1914
• First major battle of the Eastern Front
• Russians invaded Eastern Prussia and were defeated by the Germans
• Around 120,000 Russian soldiers were captured, killed, or wounded
• Germans lost less than 20,000
• The Russians were not well equipped – lacked clothing, weapons, and even shoes
GALLIPOLI – December 1915
• Gallipoli is in Greece – fighting took place between Turkey (OE) and Greece – the “Mediterranean Front”
• The Ottoman Empire had joined the Central Powers and cut off supply lines to Russia through the Dardanelles
• Allies attacked to reclaim the Dardanelles and gain access to Austria after beating the Ottomans
• Central powers pushed the allies back
• The French and British armies were joined by soldiers from Australia and New Zealand
• This would be the last time that Australia would fight under the British
• Fighting took place over 10 months, with more than 200,000 total casualties for the Allies and 300,000 for the Turks
ISONZO RIVER 1915-1917
• The Italians joined the Allies because they were promised land when Austria-Hungary was defeated
• 11 battles took place along the Isonzo river between the Austrian and Italian armies
• Caporetto (October 1917) was the final battle, and a brutal loss for the Italians
– The Italians were forced to retreat
OTHER EVENTS
CHRISTMAS TRUCE – Dec 24, 1914
• A one day truce between British, German, and French soldiers
• Germans started it
• Christmas trees and lights were put up, and the soldiers exchanged gifts, sang songs, and played soccer in No Man’s Land (neutral territory)
ARAB REVOLT
• In the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East, Arab nationalists rebelled against the Ottoman government
• T.E. Lawrence (Laurence of Arabia) was sent by the British to help the Arabs
• This caused the Ottoman Empire to lose land and weaken
– Eventually the Ottoman Empire breaks up for good.
ARMENIAN GENOCIDE 1915
• The Armenians helped the Russians fight against the Turks
• The Ottoman Government used their support of the enemy as an excuse to execute Armenian leaders and deport hundreds of thousands to Syria and Mesopotamia
• 500,000- 1,000,000 died
END OF THE WAR
• Factors:
– Russia’s withdrawal from the war
– US enters the war
– Loss of morale among the troops due to:
• High casualties
• Failure to achieve victory
• Food shortages
• 1918 Influenza epidemic
USA ENTERS THE WAR
• After the sinking of the Lusitania, the US forced Germany to agree to end unrestricted submarine warfare
• In 1917, Germany, in hopes of using subs to get a quick victory before the US could step in, starts using subs again
• Additionally, a message is intercepted from the Germans offering to help Mexico regain territory if they help Germany
– The Zimmerman Note
1918
• Second Battle of the Marne= Germany’s last attempt to push the Allies back
• In the Summer, the Allies push the German troops back into Germany
• In September, the Germans realize that thy have no hope of winning
• Kaiser William is forced to resign, and revolt begins in Austria
• November 11 – Germany signs an armistice
COST OF WAR
• 8-9 million soldiers died
• 6-7 million civilians died
• 15-16 million deaths total
• Around 22 million were wounded
• Additionally, around the world another 20 million were killed by the flu.
AFTER THE WAR
PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
• “The Big Three”
– Woodrow Wilson- USA
– David Lloyd George- Britain
– Georges Clemanceau- France
• Wilson fought for “Fourteen Points”
– Terms that countries could use to resolve future wars.
• June 19, 1919- Meeting with Germans
to sign “The Treaty Of Versailles”
TREATY of VERSAILLES
• The treaty officially ends war. Germany is forced to sign
• Germany:
– blamed for the entire war.
– Pay $30 billion in war reparations (2.3 trillion today)
– Must return Alsace and Lorraine regions to France
– Looses hundreds of miles on E and W borders
– “Polish Corridor” separates Prussia from the rest of Germany
– Loses overseas colonies
– Germany’s harsh treatment would later lead to the rise of the NAZI party in 1935.
MAP CHANGES:
– Russian, Austrian, Ottoman Empires are destroyed
– Baltic Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia created
– Poland created
– East Prussia separated from Germany
– Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Hungary republics formed.
– Creation of Communist Soviet Union
MAJOR BATTLES
MARNE – September 1914
• Located in France (Western Front)
• Germans expected to win quickly, so they took troops and moved them to the Eastern Front
• Britain and France pushed Germany back
• Ended Germany’s hopes for a quick victory
• Germans built the 1st trenches to avoid being pushed out of France
VERDUN – February-December 1916
• Germany’s attempt to break the stalemate on the Western Front
• 11 month battle
• 500,000 French casualties (wounded, killed, or missing)
• 400,000 German casualties
• No long term results
• No advantage was gained on either side
SOMME - July-November 1916
• 5 month battle
• Allied attempt to break the stalemate on the Western Front
• 60,000 British soldiers killed or wounded in ONE day
• One million killed in total
• This battle had one of the highest casualty totals
• Snowfall ended the battle –only a few miles of ground were gained
TANNENBURG – August 1914
• First major battle of the Eastern Front
• Russians invaded Eastern Prussia and were defeated by the Germans
• Around 120,000 Russian soldiers were captured, killed, or wounded
• Germans lost less than 20,000
• The Russians were not well equipped – lacked clothing, weapons, and even shoes
GALLIPOLI – December 1915
• Gallipoli is in Greece – fighting took place between Turkey (OE) and Greece – the “Mediterranean Front”
• The Ottoman Empire had joined the Central Powers and cut off supply lines to Russia through the Dardanelles
• Allies attacked to reclaim the Dardanelles and gain access to Austria after beating the Ottomans
• Central powers pushed the allies back
• The French and British armies were joined by soldiers from Australia and New Zealand
• This would be the last time that Australia would fight under the British
• Fighting took place over 10 months, with more than 200,000 total casualties for the Allies and 300,000 for the Turks
ISONZO RIVER 1915-1917
• The Italians joined the Allies because they were promised land when Austria-Hungary was defeated
• 11 battles took place along the Isonzo river between the Austrian and Italian armies
• Caporetto (October 1917) was the final battle, and a brutal loss for the Italians
– The Italians were forced to retreat
OTHER EVENTS
CHRISTMAS TRUCE – Dec 24, 1914
• A one day truce between British, German, and French soldiers
• Germans started it
• Christmas trees and lights were put up, and the soldiers exchanged gifts, sang songs, and played soccer in No Man’s Land (neutral territory)
ARAB REVOLT
• In the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East, Arab nationalists rebelled against the Ottoman government
• T.E. Lawrence (Laurence of Arabia) was sent by the British to help the Arabs
• This caused the Ottoman Empire to lose land and weaken
– Eventually the Ottoman Empire breaks up for good.
ARMENIAN GENOCIDE 1915
• The Armenians helped the Russians fight against the Turks
• The Ottoman Government used their support of the enemy as an excuse to execute Armenian leaders and deport hundreds of thousands to Syria and Mesopotamia
• 500,000- 1,000,000 died
END OF THE WAR
• Factors:
– Russia’s withdrawal from the war
– US enters the war
– Loss of morale among the troops due to:
• High casualties
• Failure to achieve victory
• Food shortages
• 1918 Influenza epidemic
USA ENTERS THE WAR
• After the sinking of the Lusitania, the US forced Germany to agree to end unrestricted submarine warfare
• In 1917, Germany, in hopes of using subs to get a quick victory before the US could step in, starts using subs again
• Additionally, a message is intercepted from the Germans offering to help Mexico regain territory if they help Germany
– The Zimmerman Note
1918
• Second Battle of the Marne= Germany’s last attempt to push the Allies back
• In the Summer, the Allies push the German troops back into Germany
• In September, the Germans realize that thy have no hope of winning
• Kaiser William is forced to resign, and revolt begins in Austria
• November 11 – Germany signs an armistice
COST OF WAR
• 8-9 million soldiers died
• 6-7 million civilians died
• 15-16 million deaths total
• Around 22 million were wounded
• Additionally, around the world another 20 million were killed by the flu.
AFTER THE WAR
PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
• “The Big Three”
– Woodrow Wilson- USA
– David Lloyd George- Britain
– Georges Clemanceau- France
• Wilson fought for “Fourteen Points”
– Terms that countries could use to resolve future wars.
• June 19, 1919- Meeting with Germans
to sign “The Treaty Of Versailles”
TREATY of VERSAILLES
• The treaty officially ends war. Germany is forced to sign
• Germany:
– blamed for the entire war.
– Pay $30 billion in war reparations (2.3 trillion today)
– Must return Alsace and Lorraine regions to France
– Looses hundreds of miles on E and W borders
– “Polish Corridor” separates Prussia from the rest of Germany
– Loses overseas colonies
– Germany’s harsh treatment would later lead to the rise of the NAZI party in 1935.
MAP CHANGES:
– Russian, Austrian, Ottoman Empires are destroyed
– Baltic Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia created
– Poland created
– East Prussia separated from Germany
– Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Hungary republics formed.
– Creation of Communist Soviet Union
Friday, May 6, 2016
Latin America after WWII Study Guide
Be able to identify the country of origin and important facts about the following people, groups, and terms
* Fidel Castro
* Salvadore Allende
* Augusto Pinochet
* Jose Duarte
* Juan Peron
* Che Guevara
* Manuel Noriega
* Juan Alvarado
* Alejandro Toledo
*cooperative
* Shining Path
* PRI
* John F Kennedy
* Sandinistas
* Falkland Island conflict
* Violeta Barrios de Chamorro
Essay questions
* In what ways have Cuba's fortunes been influenced by the Soviet Union?
* What types of social problems have led to the recent move towards democratic governments in Latin American countries?
* What factors led to the PRI's loss of political power in Mexico?
* What types of policies have characterized the rule of Latin American military governments since 1945? Discuss specific examples
* What effects did foreign involvement in Latin America have on different countries? Did it make things bette or worse?
* Fidel Castro
* Salvadore Allende
* Augusto Pinochet
* Jose Duarte
* Juan Peron
* Che Guevara
* Manuel Noriega
* Juan Alvarado
* Alejandro Toledo
*cooperative
* Shining Path
* PRI
* John F Kennedy
* Sandinistas
* Falkland Island conflict
* Violeta Barrios de Chamorro
Essay questions
* In what ways have Cuba's fortunes been influenced by the Soviet Union?
* What types of social problems have led to the recent move towards democratic governments in Latin American countries?
* What factors led to the PRI's loss of political power in Mexico?
* What types of policies have characterized the rule of Latin American military governments since 1945? Discuss specific examples
* What effects did foreign involvement in Latin America have on different countries? Did it make things bette or worse?
Tuesday, April 26, 2016
Butter Battle Book Assignment
2. Answer the following questions
1.Why were the two groups at war?2. Why do you think they kept building bigger and bigger weapons?
3. How was the story like real life?
4. What was the purpose of the author?
5.How is the end of the book ambiguous?6.List reasons for war in general and the effects on all involved.
1.Why were the two groups at war?2. Why do you think they kept building bigger and bigger weapons?
3. How was the story like real life?
4. What was the purpose of the author?
5.How is the end of the book ambiguous?6.List reasons for war in general and the effects on all involved.
3. Choose one of the 3 options and complete
Option 1: Write an ending to the story. Your ending must be at least 2 paragraphs long and be in the style of Dr. Seuss (Rhyming)Option 2: Draw an ending to the story. Your ending must include a paragraph that explainsyour ending AND be colored.Option 3: Write a compare and contrast paragraph or essay about The Butter Battle Book story and the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1963.
Friday, April 15, 2016
Cold War Extra Credit
Cold War Trading Cards
Choose at least 5 of the events/people below. For each, create a trading card.
Each card should be no larger than a 3x5 index card.
On the front, you need a picture of the topic along with the name of the topic.
On the back, include the important statistics: Name, date, why it's important, what happened/what they did, important facts
All work should be neatly outlined (NO PENCIL!). Make it look as good & colorful as possible.
On a separate paper (or separate index card) include your sources.
*if you need ideas on what trading cards look like, google them!*
Possile topics:
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Division of Germany
Berlin Blockade
Berlin Wall
Cuban Missile Crisis
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Korean War
Vietnam War
Arms Race
Space Race
John F Kennedy
Nikita Kruschev
Winston CHurchill
Lyndon B Johnson
Choose at least 5 of the events/people below. For each, create a trading card.
Each card should be no larger than a 3x5 index card.
On the front, you need a picture of the topic along with the name of the topic.
On the back, include the important statistics: Name, date, why it's important, what happened/what they did, important facts
All work should be neatly outlined (NO PENCIL!). Make it look as good & colorful as possible.
On a separate paper (or separate index card) include your sources.
*if you need ideas on what trading cards look like, google them!*
Possile topics:
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Division of Germany
Berlin Blockade
Berlin Wall
Cuban Missile Crisis
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Korean War
Vietnam War
Arms Race
Space Race
John F Kennedy
Nikita Kruschev
Winston CHurchill
Lyndon B Johnson
Wednesday, April 13, 2016
Cold War Timeline
1945 - WWII ends
1945-1948 - Soviet controlled communist governments are set up in East Germany,Bulgaria,
Romania, Poland, and Hungary
1947 - Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan put into action (see previous notes)
1948 - Germany divided into 4 zones
1949 - West & East Germany created
- China becomes Communist
- USSR develops atomic bomb (arms race begins)
-NATO formed
1950 - Korean War begins
1953 - Stalin dies, Khrushchev takes power
1955 - Warsaw Pact
1956 - "Destalinization" - Khrushchev's policy to get rid of Stalins more strict policies
- Uprisings in Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia threaten Soviet power in Eastern
Europe
1957 - Space race gets more serious when the USSR is first to put a satellite in space
1959 - Fidel Castro takes over Cuba, sets up a Soviet supported dictatorship
1961 - construction begins on the Berlin Wall to stop East Germans from moving to West Berlin
1962 - Bay of Pigs Invasion - USA's plan to overthrow Castro fails miserably
- Cuban Missile Crisis - USSR puts missiles in Cuba, US blockade of Cuba almost leads to
nuclear conflict
1964 - US sends troops to Vietnam to help stop the spread of communism in Asia
1945-1948 - Soviet controlled communist governments are set up in East Germany,Bulgaria,
Romania, Poland, and Hungary
1947 - Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan put into action (see previous notes)
1948 - Germany divided into 4 zones
1949 - West & East Germany created
- China becomes Communist
- USSR develops atomic bomb (arms race begins)
-NATO formed
1950 - Korean War begins
1953 - Stalin dies, Khrushchev takes power
1955 - Warsaw Pact
1956 - "Destalinization" - Khrushchev's policy to get rid of Stalins more strict policies
- Uprisings in Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia threaten Soviet power in Eastern
Europe
1957 - Space race gets more serious when the USSR is first to put a satellite in space
1959 - Fidel Castro takes over Cuba, sets up a Soviet supported dictatorship
1961 - construction begins on the Berlin Wall to stop East Germans from moving to West Berlin
1962 - Bay of Pigs Invasion - USA's plan to overthrow Castro fails miserably
- Cuban Missile Crisis - USSR puts missiles in Cuba, US blockade of Cuba almost leads to
nuclear conflict
1964 - US sends troops to Vietnam to help stop the spread of communism in Asia
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