10-2 Nationalism in Africa and Asia

10-1 NATIONALISM IN AFRICA AND ASIA
AFRICA
• Many black Africans fought in WWI because they thought they would get independence, but they didn’t.
– Germany’s territories were given to England and France
– The exposure to the West did give many Africans new ideas though, and reform movements started.
PROTESTS
• Kenya – Young Kikyu Association
– Led by Harry Thuku, who was arrested
– Protests led to violence, and Thuku was assassinated
• Libya – guerilla warfare
– Led by Omar Muktar
– Italians opened concentration camps to hold the Libyans.
• While most reforms failed to achieve independence, reforms were begun
LEADERS
• W.E.B DuBois – led movement for African Independence in the USA
• Marcus Garvey – started Pan-Africanism
– Unity of all Africans
• Jomo Kenyatta – Kenyan that believed that the British were destroying Africa
• Leopold Senghor – Senegal
• Nnamdi Azikiwe – created a newspaper, wanted nonviolent protest
INDIA
• Mohandas Gandhi
– Worked in South Africa before moving back to India
– Called Mahatma (great soul)
– Believed in nonviolent protest and civil disobedience (refusing to obey unjust laws)
• Boycotted English goods
• Make homemade salt
• Don’t pay taxes
– Spent time in prison
MOVEMENT FOR INDEPENDENCE
• 1935 – Government of India Act
– More Indians given the right to vote
• Indian National Congress
– Created in 1885; wanted independence, worked with Gandhi
• Jawaharlal Nehru (1930’s)
– Leader of the INC; split it into 2: Gandhi (religious, traditional, Indian) vs Nehru (secular, Western, modern)
• Muslim League
– Created because of conflicts between Hindus and Muslims
– Wanted their own Muslim state
JAPAN
• Politically, economically, and socially, Japan was becoming more westernized
• Zaibatsus (large corporations) controlled most of the economy and manufacturing
– Led to big gap between the rich and poor
• Problems like inequality, increased population, and food shortages led to a call for the return of traditional Japan
• An island, Japan has few natural resources.
– Took over Formosa, Korea, and Manchuria to get resources
• Washington Conference
– Meeting to keep Japan from expanding; said that China couldn’t be touched.
– Kept Japan form gaining the resources that it needed for its growing industry
RISE OF MILITARISM
• Militant nationalists wanted Japan to take control and get rid of Western influences
• Many groups were formed
• 1931 – they invade Manchuria
• They took over the gov’t and the Emperor, Hirohito, didn’t oppose them
– They passed a draft law, pushed for expansion, and purged western ideas
ASIA
• Communist International was started by Lenin to spread communist ideas and revolution
– Most Asian countries had communist parties, and the biggest was in China
• Ho Chi Minh – Vietnam
– Leader of revolutionary party
– Worked with the nationalist parties to fight against imperialism