10-4 Nationalism in Latin America

10-4 NATIONALISM IN LATIN AMERICA
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ECONOMY
• Agricultural – based on the exporting of natural resources and food
• Depended on trade with other countries to make money
• Wealth was held by only a few people
• Countries like the US invested money in companies, and took over the economy in many areas
• The people didn’t like that the US had control of so many industries
• Often, the US gave aid to dictators who supported their economic interests in countries (like Venezuela)
• The US also sent in the military to protect their interests in Latin America
GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY
• 1930’s
• Started by Roosevelt
• Rejected the use of military force
• 1934 –the last US troops were taken out of L.A
IMPACT OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION
• When America and Europe lost their money in the depression, they couldn’t afford to buy goods from Latin America
• This made their economy go down
– Especially in countries that specialized in one good
• Governments started industrialization to rebuild the economy and make their own goods
AUTHORITARIANISM
• Like totalitarianism, but less controlling
• When the economy went down, many countries got military dictatorships
– The military was needed to keep order, and they used that power to take over
• These leaders tended to be authoritarian
ARGENTINA
• Led by an Oligarchy (one group that has power)
• 1916 Hipolito Irigoyen was made president
• 1930’s – military leaders didn’t like that the workers were getting the power, and overthrew the government
• Wanted to rebuild the export economy so that workers wouldn’t have power
BRAZIL
• Economy depended on coffee
• 1930 – military coup put Getulio Vargas in charge
– Made himself dictator
– Helped workers
– Created new industry
– Created New state, a fascist-like government
– Used secret police to maintain control
MEXICO
• A republic, but it only had one political party, the PRI
• Lazaro Cardenas, president in the 1930’s
– Gave land to the peasants
– Fought with the US and England over oil; took over the oil fields
• PEMEX – Mexican oil company run by the government
CULTURE
• Changed European styles to reflect their traditions
• Diego Rivera – Mexican artist
– Interpreted legends
– Represented culture, festivals, and customs
– Often used the Mexican revolution in his work